Introduction
C60 is a high-carbon steel that offers excellent strength, wear resistance, and hardness. It is commonly used in applications requiring high strength and durability, such as in manufacturing components that need to withstand high-stress and abrasive environments. C60 can be heat-treated to achieve improved mechanical properties, including enhanced hardness and wear resistance. Its high carbon content makes it a popular choice for parts subjected to wear and tear, such as gears, axles, and shafts.
Uses/Applications of C60 Grade:
C60 carbon steel is ideal for a wide range of industrial applications, particularly those requiring high wear resistance and strength.
- Automotive Components: Used in the manufacture of high-strength parts such as axles, gears, crankshafts, and connecting rods.
- Machine Parts: Suitable for parts exposed to wear, such as shafts, cams, and pins.
- Mechanical Components: Commonly used in the production of components that experience high mechanical stress, including fasteners, bolts, and heavy-duty pins.
- Industrial Machinery: Ideal for producing components like rollers, machine tools, and industrial gears.
Properties of C60 Grade:
- High-carbon steel with high tensile strength and good wear resistance.
- Hardness and strength can be increased significantly by heat treatment.
- Moderate machinability in normalized or annealed condition.
- Provides excellent wear resistance when hardened, ideal for components exposed to friction.
- Good toughness, suitable for applications where moderate ductility and strength are needed.
- Versatile for heat treatment and surface hardening to enhance mechanical properties.
- Cutting Tools: Can be used for manufacturing cutting tools, dies, and punches that need good wear resistance.
- Aerospace: Used for parts in aerospace components that require strength and high wear resistance.
- Heavy-duty Engineering: For use in components subjected to heavy loading, such as rollers, couplings, and sprockets.
Chemical Composition (Typical):
| Element | Content (%) |
| Carbon (C) | 0.57 – 0.65 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.60 – 0.90 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.10 – 0.35 |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.05 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.05 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
Mechanical Properties (Typical in Normalized Condition):
| Property | Value |
| Tensile Strength | 850 – 1000 MPa |
| Yield Strength | 500 – 600 MPa |
| Elongation (in 50 mm) | 12% min |
| Impact Strength (Charpy V-notch) | 35 J min |
| Hardness (Brinell) | 200 – 270 HB |
| Hardness (After Hardening and Tempering) | 350 – 400 HB |
Physical Properties:
| Property | Value |
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ |
| Modulus of Elasticity | ~210 GPa |
| Thermal Conductivity | ~50 W/m·K |
| Specific Heat Capacity | ~460 J/kg·K |
| Electrical Resistivity | ~0.17 µΩ·m |
Forging:
- Forging Temperature Range: 950°C – 1200°C.
- For optimal results, heat to 1050°C – 1100°C during forging.
- After forging, allow the material to cool slowly in air to prevent cracking and preserve properties.
Heat Treatment:
- Annealing: Heat to 750°C – 800°C, and allow slow cooling to relieve internal stresses and soften the material for easier machining.
- Normalizing: Heat to 850°C – 880°C, followed by air cooling to refine the grain structure and improve toughness.
- Hardening: Heat to 830°C – 860°C, followed by quenching in oil or water to increase hardness and tensile strength.
- Tempering: After hardening, temper at 550°C – 650°C to adjust the hardness and restore toughness, making the material more suitable for high-stress applications.
Dimensional Tolerances:
- Hot Rolled Bars: Tolerances comply with BS 970 or equivalent standards for medium-carbon steel bars.
- Cold Drawn Bars: Provide tighter dimensional tolerances and better surface finish, ideal for precision engineering.
- Forged Bars: Custom tolerances based on application-specific requirements. Forged bars can be produced in a variety of sizes and shapes.
- Standard Sizes: Available in a range of diameters and lengths to meet the requirements of a variety of applications.
Machinability:
- Moderate machinability in annealed or normalized condition.
- Can be processed using standard machining techniques such as turning, milling, drilling, and boring.
- Cutting tools such as high-speed steel (HSS) or carbide inserts work effectively on C60.
- Lubrication or coolants are recommended during machining to improve tool life and surface finish.
- Post-machining hardening can be used to increase hardness for certain applications.
Corrosion Resistance:
- Moderate resistance to corrosion: C60 steel is prone to rust if exposed to moisture or corrosive environments.
- For components used in outdoor or marine environments, protective coatings such as galvanizing, painting, or plating should be applied to prevent corrosion.
- Proper storage and handling are necessary to maintain the quality of components made from C60 steel.
Weldability:
- Moderate weldability when in normalized or annealed condition.
- Preheating to 150°C – 250°C is recommended for welding thicker sections.
- Low-hydrogen electrodes or appropriate filler materials are required to ensure high-quality welds.
- Post-weld heat treatment is necessary to restore the material’s mechanical properties after welding, especially for parts that will be subjected to fatigue or high-stress environments.
Available Form:
- Hot Rolled Bars
- Cold Drawn Bars
- Forged Bars
- Precision Ground Bars
- Custom Sizes: Available on request.
- Standard Sizes: Available in various diameters and lengths, tailored to meet the needs of different applications.
- Supplied in Normalized, Annealed, or Quenched and Tempered Conditions: Based on the customer’s requirements.
Conclusion:
C60 Carbon Steel is a high-strength, high-wear-resistant material that is ideal for a variety of mechanical and industrial applications. With its ability to be heat-treated for enhanced hardness and toughness, it serves well in environments where strength, wear resistance, and durability are required. C60 steel is commonly used in automotive, machinery, and industrial sectors, and can be machined effectively in its normalized or annealed condition. Though it has moderate corrosion resistance, protective coatings and proper maintenance can ensure long-term performance in corrosive environments.
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